Satoshi NAKAMURA

This page is a Satoshi NAKAMURA's HOMEPAGE!

Hello, everyone. My name is Satoshi NAKAMURA. I am from Japan. Please enjoy my HOMEPAGE at Franklin Pierce Law Center Web server.


  • Why I am at Franklin Pierce Law Center
  • My background
  • Some of my favorite things: Japanese Photography between 1920 and 1945
  • Some of my favorite links

    Why I am at Franklin Pierce Law Center

    Under Construction. Sorry.

    My Background

    Some of my favorite things


    Japanese photography between 1920 and 1945

    There is some information about Japanese photography between 1920 and 1945. That is photography between two World Wars, World War I and World War II, and includes "modern photography," "straight photography," and avant-garde photography (surrealism, dada, photogram, photomontage).


  • A) List of Japanese photographers who were active between 1920 and 1945 classified in groups they were a member of
  • B) List of persons and art museums you can ask questions about Japanese photography between 1920 and 1945
  • C) List of most important exhibition catalogues on Japanese photography between 1920 and 1945
  • D) Brief Chronology for Japanese modern photography from 1920 to 1945
    (to: #Appendix: Photographers between 1920 and 1945 excluding Japanese photographers in Japan)


    A) Japanese Photographers between 1920 and 1945
    [Top of Some of my favorite things]

    NAMES OF GROUPS
    1. The Nihon Koga Geijutsu Kyokai ~ including Constructvist style
    2. The Nihon Koga Kyokai
    3. The Nihon Shashinkai
    4. The Shinko-Shashin Kenkyukai
    5. The Ashiya Camera Club
    6. The Naniwa Shashin Club
    7. The Tanpei Shashin Club
    8. Kinreisha
    9. Nippon Kobo
    10. Chuo Kobo
    11. The Avant-Garde Zoei Shudan
    12. The Zen'ei Shashin Kyokai
    13. The Nagoya Photo Avant-Garde
    14. The Yonago Shayukai
    15. The Chugoku Photographers Group
    16. The Societe IRF
    17. The Manchurian Shashin Sakka Kyokai
    18. Tohosha
    19. The Aiyu Shashin Club
    20. The Seinen Hodo Shashin Kenkyukai
    21. Photographers who cannot be classified in above groups
    22. Important people other than photographers

    Note on the meaning of some Japanese words from NAMES OF GROUPS:
    1) "Nihon" or "Nippon" = Japan
    2) "Shashin" = photography or photograph
    3) "Kyokai" or "kai" = society or association



    1. The Nihon Koga Geijutsu Kyokai ~ including Constructvist style [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]

    2. The Nihon Koga Kyokai [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    3. The Nihon Shashinkai [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    4. The Shinko-Shashin Kenkyukai [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    5. The Ashiya Camera Club [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    6. The Naniwa Shashin Club [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    7. The Tanpei Shashin Club [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    8. Kinreisha [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    9. Nippon Kobo [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    10. Chuo Kobo [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    11. The Avant-Garde Zoei Shudan [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    12. The Zen'ei Shashin Kyokai [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    13. The Nagoya Photo Avant-Garde [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    14. The Yonago Shayukai [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    15. The Chugoku Photographers Group [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    16. The Societe IRF [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    17. The Manchurian Shashin Sakka Kyokai [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    18. Tohosha [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    19. The Aiyu Shashin Club [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    20. The Seinen Hodo Shashin Kenkyukai[return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    21. Photographers who cannot be classified in above groups [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]
    22. Important people other than photographers [return to NAMES OF GROUPS]


    B) Japanese people and Japanese art museums that can be asked questions relating to Japanese photography between 1920 and 1945
    [Top of Some of my favorite things]


    1) If you need general information about Japanese photography between 1920 and 1945, please contact persons or art museums below;


    2) If you need specific information listed below, please contact each person or each art museum in such each items below;

    i) FUCHIKAMI, Hakuyo (1889-1960) and Constructivist style


    ii) NAKAYAMA, Iwata (1895-1949) and The Ashiya Camera Club
    iii) The Naniwa Shashin Club & The Tanpei Shashin Club & The Avant-Garde Zoei Shudan & Other photographers who were active in Kansai (Osaka, Kobe) area including YASUI, Nakaji (1903-1942)
    iv) The Aiyu Shashin Club & The Nagoya Photo Avant-Garde
    v) UEDA, Shoji (1913- ), The Yonago Shayukai & The Chugoku Photographers Group
    vi) The Societe IRF
    vii) The Manchurian Shashin Sakka Kyokai
    viii) NOJIMA, Yasuzo (1889-1964)
    ix) FUKUDA, Katsuji (1899-1991)


    3) You can also go to the INTERNET page, "PhotoGuide Japan";

    most comprehensive information in English about current photography in Japan.


    C) Here are five exhibition catalogues which include many plates of Japanese photography between 1920 and 1945.
    [Top of Some of my favorite things]


    1) The Founding and Development of Modern Photography in Japan (Nihon Kindai Shashin no Seiritsu to Tenkai)


    2) Japanese Photography in 1930s (Nihon no Shashin 1930(Sen Kyu-hyaku San-ju)-nendai Ten)
    3) The 1920's in Japan (1920(Sen Kyu-hyaku Ni-ju)-nendai Nihon Ten)
    4) Surrealism in Japan 1925-1945 (Nihon no Surrealism)
    5) Abstract Paintings in Japan 1910-1945 (Nihon no Chusho Kaiga)

    D) Brief Chronology for Japanese modern photography from 1920 to 1945
    [Top of Some of my favorite things]




    1920
    1921
    1922: Nihon Koga Geijutsu Kyokai was founded by FUCHIKAMI Hakuyo
    1922: The first issue of Hakuyo was published by FUCHIKAMI Hakuyo [~1926]
    1923: The first issue of Asahi Graph was published
    1923: "Hikari to Sono Kaicho (Light and Its Harmony)" by FUKUHARA Shinzo
    1924: The first issue of Photo Times was published
    1925
    1926: The first issue of Asahi Camera was published
    1926: Kinreisha (the first advertising photo studio in Japan) was founded by KANAMARU Shigene and SUZUKI Hachiro
    1927
    1928: Nihon Koga Kyokai was founded by YAMAMOTO Makihiko
    1929
    1930: Shinko-Shashin Kenkyukai was founded by KIMURA Sen'ichi
    1930: Ashiya Camera Club was founded by NAKAYAMA Iwata
    1930: Tanpei Shashin Club was founded by YASUI Nakaji and UEDA Bizan
    1931: German International Traveling Photography Exhibition [This was a traveling exhibition of "Film und Foto" in Stuttgart, Germany in 1929] in Tokyo [April] and Osaka [July]
    1931: "Dai Tokyo no Seikaku (The Character of Great Tokyo)" by HORINO Masao
    1931: "Shuto Kanryu - Sumida-gawa Album (Flowing Through the City - Sumida River Album)" by HORINO Masao
    1932: "Camera. Me x Tetsu. Kosei (Camera, Eye/Steel, Composition)" by HORINO Masao
    1932: The first issue of Koga was published by NOJIMA Yasuzo [~1933]
    1933: "Shoka Shinkei (Early Summer Nerves)" by KOISHI Kiyoshi
    1933: Nippon Kobo was founded by NATORI Yonosuke
    1933: The first issue of Manchuria Graph was published [~1944]
    1933: The first issue of Shashin Salon was published
    1934: The first issue of NIPPON was published by Nippon Kobo [~1944]
    1934: Chuo Kobo was founded
    1935: The first issue of Camera Art was published
    1935: The first issue of Home Life was published
    1936: The first issue of Camera Club was published
    1936: The first issue of Graphic was published
    1936: "Nemuri no Riyu (The Reason for Sleep)" was published by Ei-Q
    1937: Avant-Garde Zoei Shudan was founded
    1937: Chugoku Photographers Group was founded
    1938: Zen'ei Shashin Kyokai was founded
    1938: Seinen Hodo Shashin Kenkyukai was founded
    1938: The first issue of Shashin Shuho was published [~1944]
    1939: Nagoya Photo Avant-Garde was founded
    1939: Societe IRF was founded
    1940: "Mesem Zoku" was published by SHIMOZATO Yoshio
    1940: "Hikari (Light)" was published by Tanpei Shashin Club
    1940: Hodo Gijutsu Kenkyukai was founded by YAMANA Ayao
    1941: Tohosha was founded
    1942: The first issue of FRONT was published by Tohosha [~1945]
    1943: "Uchiteshiyamamu (Ever Onward)" by KANAMARU Shigene [a big mural photograph]
    1944
    1945





    NOTE1: About names of Japanese people
    In Japan, generally we write a last (family) name first and then a first (given) name. For me, "NAKAMURA, Satoshi." (NAKAMURA is my last name and Satoshi is my first name.) But especially in letters written in American or European language, we often follow the rule of America and Europe. I mean we write a first (given) name first and then a last (family) name. For me, "Satoshi NAKAMURA." (Satoshi is my first name and NAKAMURA is my last name.)
    Sometimes this confuses American and European people as to which out of two parts of Japanese name is a first name and a last name.
    In my information, I write names of Japanese people as below;
    1) For photographers: write a last name first and then, after a comma (,), a first name, like NAKAMURA, Satoshi;
    (In D) above, I do not use a comma (,) at all because to use a comma will rather make you confused as to how many photographers are mentioned.)
    2) For curators or critics: write a first name first and then, without a comma, a last name, like Satoshi NAKAMURA.
    In any cases, I write last names by using only CAPITAL letters, like NAKAMURA.
    I hope that it does not make you confused.

    NOTE2: As to exhibition catalogs in Japan
    I think it is very strange to you, but in Japan we cannot buy exhibition catalogs through bookshops. I mean if we want to buy an exhibition catalog, we have to contact directly the museum where such exhibition has been or was held. We cannot order exhibition catalogs at bookshops. Further, in some cases, we cannot buy exhibition catalogs even at the museums. In such cases, we have to contact directly a newspaper company, for example Asahi Shimbun or Yomiuri Shimbun, which organized the exhibition in question. I do not know exactly why, but I heard before it is because of copyright of reproductions in catalogs. I do not know that reason is true or not, but unluckily the rest of what I have told above is true. And the worst result of this situation for me, is that because exhibition catalogs are not available in the usual distribution channel for books, public libraries are reluctant to own exhibition catalogs. If we request public libraries to buy some Japanese exhibition catalogs, public libraries will say that they cannot buy them only because they are exhibition catalogs. Therefore, in Japan if we want to see exhibition catalogs in libraries, we have to go to art museum libraries. But unfortunately there are very few museum libraries in Japan. I think the best museum library for photography in Japan is one in the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography and the best museum library for contemporary art is one in the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo.

    I have not mentioned the price of five exhibition catalogs I have listed above, because I do not know the precise price. But I think we can buy each one of those catalogs with about 2,000 or 2,500 Japanese yen. (US$1 is about 110 or 120 Japanese yen now.)

    NOTE3: Japanese photographers outside Japan
    Even during 1920 and 1945, there were many Japanese photographers who were active outside Japan, especially in California and Hawaii, USA. But in Japan, a study of Japanese photographers who were active outside Japan is far behind, I am afraid. I do not know any Japanese books which are dealing mainly with this matter. It is very difficult in Japan, I think, to see in a book reproductions of even works of Harry K. Shigeta. Therefore, If you need information about Japanese photography or photographers outside Japan, I recommend that you contact museums, libraries or archives at the place in question instead those in Japan. For example, if you need information as to Japanese photographers in Hawaii, please contact institutions in Hawaii, such as the Contemporary Museum in Honolulu. I know two catalogues which are dealing with Japanese photographers active in the Unites States. Also please refer to those catalogues.





    #Appendix: Photographers between 1920 and 1945 excluding Japanese photographers in Japan
    [Top of Some of my favorite things] [Top of page]
    [Sources for this list] [Reference Books for photography between 1920 and 1945]


    The names of photographers are listed in alphabetical order.

    a
    b
    c
    d
    e
    f
    g
    h
    i
    j
    k
    l
    m
    n
    o
    p
    q
    r
    s
    t
    u
    v
    w
    x
    y
    z

    If you know photographers who were active during 1920 and 1945 but who are not listed here, please let me know the names and years of birth and death, if applicable, of those photographers and reference book I can see reproductions of works and/or biographies of those photographers. I will add them to my list. Further if you find any errors in the list, also please let me know. I will correct them. Thank you very much for your cooperation in advance.



    Sources for this list [Top of #Appendix]

    source A: (no biographies, only reproductions)
    The New Vision, Photography between the World Wars
    Ford Motor Company Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
    The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
    Maria Morris Hambourg and Christopher Phillips
    1989
    ISBN: 0-87099-550-2 (MMA)
    ISBN: 0-8109-1385-2 (Abrams)

    source B:
    collection, de Photographies du Musée National d'Art Moderne 1905-1948
    Centre Georges Pompidou
    1996
    ISBN: 2-85850-899-2

    source C:
    A History of Women Photographers
    Naomi Rosenblum
    Abbeville Press
    1994
    ISBN: 1-55859-761-1

    source D:
    Pictorialism in California, Photographs 1900-1940
    With essays by Michael G. Wilson and Dennis Reed
    The J. Paul Getty Museum, and The Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery
    1994
    ISBN: 0-89236-313-4

    source E:
    Les dones fotògrafes a la República de Weimar 1919-1933
    Fundació "la Caixa"
    1995
    ISBN: 84-7664-499-X

    source F:
    After the Photo-Secession, American Pictorial Photography, 1910-1955
    Christian A. Peterson
    The Minneapolis Institute of Arts
    in association with
    W. W. Norton & Company
    1997
    ISBN: 0-393-04111-5

    source G: (no biographies, only reproductions)
    A World History of Photography
    Naomi Rosenblum
    Abbeville Press
    1984
    ISBN 0-89659-438-6

    source H:
    Contemporary Photographers
    ed by George Walsh, Colin Naylor and Michael Held
    St. Martin's Press (Macmillan Press)
    1982
    ISBN 0-312-16791-1

    source I:
    Private Realms of Light
    Amateur photography in Canada/1839-1940
    edited by Lilly Koltun
    written by members of the National Photography Collection, Public Archives Canada (Andrew J. Birrell, Peter Robertson, Lilly Koltun, Andrew C. Rodger and Joan M. Schwartz)
    Fithenry & Whiteside
    1984
    ISBN: 0-88902-744-7


    [a] [Top of #Appendix]
    James Abbe (1883-1973) [H]
    Berenice Abbott (1898-1991) [A][B][C][G][H]
    Ansel Adams (1902-1984) [A][D][G][H]
    Lucien Aigner (b. 1901) [B][H]
    Giuseppe Albergamo (1888-1964) [A]
    Josef Albers (1888-1976) [A]
    Laure Albin-Guillot (c. 1880-1962) [B][C]
    Edward K. Alenius (1892-1950) [F]
    William Alexander Alcock (c. 1881-1944) [F]
    Paul Almasy (b. 1906) [H]
    Max Alpert (1899-1980) [G][H]
    Manuel Alvarez Bravo (b. 1902) [B][G][H]
    Gustav Anderson (1897-1974) [F]
    Paul Lewis Anderson (1880-1956) [F]
    Emmy Andriesse (1914-1953) [H]
    Charles K. Archer (1869-1955) [F]
    Fred R. Archer (1889-1963) [D][F]
    Laura Adams Armer (1874-1963) [D]
    Gertrud Arndt (b. 1903) [E]
    K. Asaishi (dates unknown) [D]
    Frederick George Ashton (1888-1967) [I]
    Marta Astfalck-Vietz [E]
    Eugène Atget (1857-1927) [A][H]
    Cecil B. Atwater (1886-1981) [F]
    Ellen Rosenberg Auerbach (studio ringl & pit) (b. 1906) [C]
    Erich Auerbach (b. 1911) [H]

    [b] [Top of #Appendix]
    Grete Back [E]
    Edward L. Bafford (1902-1981) [F]
    Axel Bahnsen (1907-1978) [F]
    Hillary Goodsell Bailey (1894-1988) [F]
    Walter Ballhause (b. 1911) [G]
    Dmitri Baltermans (b. 1912) [G][H]
    Lu Ban Nong [G]
    Aaron Meyer Barrach (1900-1983) [I]
    Lillian Bassman (b. 1917)
    Eugen Batz (b. 1905)
    Willi Baumeister (1899-1955)
    Herbert Bayer (1900-1986) [A][B][G][H]
    Irene Bayer [E]
    Cecil Beaton (1904-1980) [G][H]
    Hannes Beckmann [B]
    Lotte Beese (Carlotte Stam-Beese) (1903-1988) [C][E]
    Hans Bellmer (1902-1975) [A][B][G][H]
    Ernst James Bellocq (1873-1940) [B][H]
    Denise Bellon (1902- ) [C]
    Ella Bergmann-Michel [E]
    Ladislav Berka (active 1930s) [G]
    Ferenc Berko (b. 1916) [H]
    Mieczyslaw Berman (1903-1975) [A][B]
    Ruth Bernhard (1905- ) [C][H]
    Henri A. Berssenbrugge (1873-1959) [H]
    Eva Besnyö (1910- ) [C][E]
    Edith Hallett Bethune (1890-1970) [I]
    Aenne Biermann (1898-1933) [C][E][G][H]
    Ilse Bing (1899- ) [B][C][E][G]
    Werner Bischof (1916-1954) [H]
    Théo Blanc [B]
    Carel Blazer (1911-1980) [H]
    Clark Blickensderfer (1882-1962) [F]
    Ernst Bloch (1880-1959) [H]
    Karl Blossfeldt (1865-1932) [A][G][H]
    Irena Blühova [E]
    Erwin Blumenfeld (1897-1969) [B][G][H]
    A. Aubrey Bodine (1906-1970) [F]
    Jacques-André Boiffard (1902-1961) [B]
    Thérèse Bonney (1894-1978) [C]
    Nickolas Boris (1900-1935) [F]
    Walter Bosshard (1892-1975) [H]
    Katt Both (c. 1900-1985) [E]
    Edouard Boubat (b. 1923) [B]
    Pierre Boucher (b. 1908) [B][H]
    Margaret Bourke-White (1904-1971) [A][C][G][H]
    Marcel Bovis [B]
    Anton Giulio Bragaglia (1889-1963) [G]
    Arturo Bragaglia (1893-1962) [G]
    Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957) [A][B]
    Stephanie Brandl [E]
    Bill Brandt (1904-1983) [A][B][G][H]
    Marianne Brandt [E]
    Brassaï (Gyula Halasz) (1899-1984) [A][B][G][H]
    Josef Breitenbach [B]
    Marianne Breslauer (1909- ) [C][E]
    Robert Bresson [B]
    Alfred Brigden (1880-1952) [I]
    Anne W. Brigman (1869-1950) [D]
    Alexey Brodovitch (1898-1971) [H]
    Charlotte Brooks (1918- ) [C]
    Rowena E. Brownell (1887-1978) [F]
    Anton Bruehl (1900-1982) [A][G][H] ([G] shows 1983 as the year of death.)
    Francis Joseph Bruguière (1879-1945) [A][D][G][H]
    Janusz Maria Brzeski (1907-1957)
    Mario von Bucovich
    Jan Bulhak (1876-1950) [H]
    Victor Bulla (1883-1944)
    Wynn Bullock (1902-1975) [H]
    Max Burchartz (1887-1961) [G]
    Suse Byk [E]

    [c] [Top of #Appendix]
    Claude Cahun (Lucy Schwob) (1894-1954) [B][C]
    Cornell Capa (b. 1918) [H]
    Robert Capa (1913-1954) [G][H]
    Fred William Carter (1897-1974) [D]
    Sidney Robert Carter (1880-1956) [I]
    Henri Cartier-Bresson (b. 1908) [A][B][G][H]
    Agustin Victor Casasala
    Rolf Cavaël [B]
    Giuseppe Cavalli (1904-1961) [H]
    Harold Cazneaux (1878-1953) [H]
    Amasa Day Chaffee (1870-1933) [F]
    Martin Chambi (1891-1973) [G][H]
    Arthur Douglas Chapman (1882-1956) [F]
    Yvonne Chevalier [B]
    Chim (David Seymour) (1911-1956) [G][H] ([G] shows 1913 as the year of birth and 1954 as the year of death.)
    Julius Cindrich (1890-1981) [D]
    Paul Citroen (b. 1896) [H]
    Marjory Cllins (1912-1985) [C]
    Alvin Langdon Coburn (1882-1966) [A][G][H] ([G] shows 1936 as the year of death.)
    Clifford Coffin (b.1916)
    Van Deren Coke (b. 1921) [H]
    Edmund Collein (b. 1906)
    John Collier (b. 1913) [H]
    Nancy Ford Cones (1869-1962) [F]
    Will Connell (1898-1961) [D][F]
    Marjorie Content (1895-1984) [C]
    Horacio Coppola (b. 1928)? [G]
    Carlotta M. Corpron (b. 1901) [G][H]
    Konrad Cramer (1888-1963)
    Ralston Crawford
    Philip James Croft (b. 1901) [I]
    Edward C. Crossett (c. 1882-1955) [F]
    Imogen Cunningham (1883-1976) [A][C][D][F][G][H]
    Eleanor Parke Custis (1897-1983) [F]

    [d] [Top of #Appendix]
    Toso Dabac (1907-1970) [H]
    Louise Dahl-Wolfe (b. 1895) [G][H]
    Salvador Dali (b. 1904)
    William Edward Dassonville (1879-1957) [D][F]
    Leonard Davis (b. 1906) [I]
    Baron Adolf de Meyer (1868-1949) [A][G] ([G] shows 1886 as the year of birth and 1946 as the year of death.)
    Dimitri Debabov (1901-1949)
    Wanda von Debschitz-Kunowski [E]
    Marion Dederko (active 1920s) [G]
    Witold Dederko (active 1920s) [G]
    Jack Delano (b. 1914) [G][H]
    Robert Demachy (1859-1936) [H]
    Ferrucio Demanins (1903-1944)
    Anne Pilger Dewey (1890-1980) [F]
    Edward R. Dickson (1880-1922) [F]
    Michael Disfarmer (1894-1959) [H]
    Robert Doisneau (b. 1912) [B][G][H]
    Cesar Domela (b. 1900) [A][B]
    James N. Doolittle (c. 1890-c. 1950) [A][D]
    Madame D'Ora (Dora Kallmus) (1881-1963) [C][E]
    Nell Dorr (1893/95-1988) [C]
    Benedykt Jerzy Dorys (b. 1901) [H]
    Antoon Dries (b. 1910) [H]
    Frantisek Drtikol (1883-1961) [B][G][H]
    Pierre Dubreuil (1872-1944) [A][B]
    Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) [A][B]
    Minya Dührkoop [E]
    Nora Dumas (Nora Telkes de Kelenfold) (1890-1979) [B][C]
    David Douglas Duncan (b. 1916) [G][H]
    Max Dupain (b. 1911) [H]
    André Durst (1907-1949)

    [e] [Top of #Appendix]
    Otto John Eaton (1895-1982) [I]
    Harold E. Edgerton (b. 1903) [A][H]
    John Paul Edwards (1884-1968) [D][F]
    Josef Ehm (b. 1909) [H]
    Alfred Ehrhardt (1901-1984) [B]
    Franz Ehrlich (1907-1983)
    Alfred Eisenstaedt (b. 1898) [G][H]
    Eliot Elisofon (1911-1973) [H]
    Nusch Eluard (1906-1946) [C]
    Hugo Erfurth (1874-1948) [B][H]
    Max Ernst (1891-1976)
    Lotte Errell [E]
    Walker Evans (1903-1975) [A][B][G][H]

    [f] [Top of #Appendix]
    Paul Facchetti [B]
    Harvey Aaron Falk (1903-1983) [F]
    Adolf Fassbender (1884-1980) [F]
    Louis Faurer (b. 1916)
    Emeric Feher [B]
    Andreas Feininger (b. 1906) [B][H]
    T. Lux Feininger (b. 1910) [A][G]
    Werner Feist (b. 1909) [A]
    Hans Finsler (1891-1972) [G][H] ([G] shows 1975 as the year of death.)
    Grancel Fitz (1894-1963) [A]
    Frances Hubbard Flaherty (C. 1886-1972) [C]
    Louis Fleckenstein (1866-1943) [D][F] ([D] shows 1942 as the year of death.)
    John Fleetwood-Morrow (b. 1909) [I]
    Trude Fleischmann (1895-1990) [C]
    Christine B. Fletcher (c. 1872-1961) [C][F]
    Elsa Franke [E]
    Frank Roy Fraprie (1874-1951) [F]
    Gisèle Freund (1912- ) [B][C][E][H]
    Semion Ossipowitsch Fridljand (1905-1964)
    Toni Frissell (1907-1988) [C][G][H]
    Rowena Fruth (1896-1983) [F]
    Walter Funkat (b. 1906)
    Jaromír Funke (1896-1945) [B][H]

    [g] [Top of #Appendix]
    Anatoli Garanin (b. 1912) [H]
    William A. Garnett (b. 1916) [H]
    Pierre Gassman (b. 1913)
    Grant Gordon Gates (1895-1978) [I]
    Arnold Genthe (1869-1942) [D][H]
    Helmut Gernsheim (b. 1913) [H]
    Tim N. Gidal (b. 1909) [H]
    Laura Gilpin (1891-1979) [A][C][F][G][H]
    Douglas Glass (1901-1978) [H]
    Louis Goetz (active 1914-1930s) [D]
    Lotte Goldstern-Fucks [E]
    Henry B. Goodwin (1878-1931) [H]
    Fritz Goro (b. 1901) [H]
    Fletcher O. Gould (dates unknown) [D]
    William James Grant (né Crewe) (1854-1936) [I]
    Franz Emmerich Gregora (fl. c. 1938)
    Franco Grignani (b. 1908) [H]
    Arthur Grimm (fl. c. 1936)
    Alexandre Grinberg [B]
    Carola von Groddeck [E]
    Walter Gropius (1883-1969) [A]
    Sid Grossman (1913-1955) [G][H]
    George Grosz (1893-1959) [G]
    John Gutmann (b. 1905) [A][G]

    [h] [Top of #Appendix]
    Johan Hagemeyer (1884-1962) [A][D][G]
    Heinz Hajek-Halke (b. 1898) [B][H]
    Miroslav Hak
    Jakob Halip (1908-1979)
    Philippe Halsman (1906-1979) [H]
    Arthur Hammond (1880-1962) [F]
    Forman Gordon Hanna (1881-1950) [F]
    Adelaide Hanscom (1876-1932) [D]
    Raymond E. Hanson (dates unknown) [F]
    Bert Hardy (b. 1913) [H]
    Elise Forrest Harleston (1891-1970) [C]
    Edward Hartwig (b. 1909) [H]
    Elizabeth Hase (fl. c. 1939)
    Raoul Hausmann (1886-1971) [A][B][G][H]
    Paul B. Haviland (1880-1950)
    Nicholas Ház (1883-1953) [F]
    John Heartfield (Helmut Herzfelde) (1891-1968) [A][G][H]
    Elsbeth Heddenhausen [E]
    Walter Hege (1893-1955)
    Hildegard Heise
    Johan Anton Joseph Helders (1888-1956) [I]
    Fritz Henle (b. 1909) [H]
    Florence Henri (1893-1982) [A][B][C][E][G][H]
    Antoinette Bryant Hervey (1857-1945) [F]
    Nini i Carry Hess [E]
    Joe J. Heydecker (fl. c. 1941)
    Karol Hiller [B]
    Lewis W. Hine (1874-1940) [A][G][H]
    Hannah Höch (1889-1978) [A][C][E][G]
    John Kirkland Hodges (1888-1969) [I]
    Charles Hoff (1905-1975) [A]
    Heinrich Hoffmann (fl. c. 1930)
    Irene Hoffman
    John R. Hogan (1888-1965) [F]
    Florence Homolka (Florence Meyer) [B]
    Thurston Hopkins (b. 1913) [H]
    Emile Otto Hoppé (1878-1972) [G][H]
    Bernard Shea Horne (1867-1933) [F]
    Horst Paul Horst (Horst Paul Borhmann) (b. 1906) [B][H]
    Eric Hosking (b. 1909) [H]
    George Hoyningen-Huene (1900-1968) [A][H]
    Hilde Hubbuch
    Hanns Hubmann (b. 1910) [H]
    Leopold Hugo (1866-1933) [D]
    Georges Hugnet (1906-1974)
    Henry Hussey (1887-1959) [D]
    Kurt Hutton (1893-1960) [H]

    [i] [Top of #Appendix]
    Boris Ignatovich (1899-1976) [G][H]
    Elizabeta Ignatovich (dates unknown)
    Olga Ignatovich (1901- )
    Izis (1911-1980) [H]
    Shinsaku Izumi (1880-1941) [D]

    [j] [Top of #Appendix]
    Lotte Johanna Jacobi (1896-1990) [B][C][E][G][H]
    Pierre Jahan (b. 1909) [B]
    Pierre Jamet [B]
    James Jarché (1890-1965) [H]
    Yale Joel (b. 1919) [H]
    Clifford Milton Johnston (1896-1951) [I]
    Franklin Ingalls Jordan (1876-1956) [F]

    [k] [Top of #Appendix]
    Hans Kaden (c. 1890-1961) [F]
    M. Kalachnikov (fl. c. 1935)
    Arthur F. Kales (1882-1936) [D][F]
    Grit Kallin [E]
    Consuelo Kanaga (1894-1978) [C]
    Yousuf Karsh (b. 1908) [G][H]
    Lajos Kassak (1887-1967)
    Kirby Kean (b. 1908) [D]
    Minna Keene (1861-1943) [C]
    Alexander Keighley (1861-1947) [H]
    Harold Frederick Kells (b. 1904) [I]
    Florence B. Kemmler (1900-1972) [C][D]
    Fritz Kempe (b. 1909) [H]
    Gyorgy Kepes (b. 1906) [H]
    Victor Keppler (b. 1904) [H]
    Barbara Ker-Seymer (1905- after 1986) [C]
    André Kertész (1894-1985) [A][B][G][H]
    Dmitri Kessel (b. 1902) [H]
    Willy Kessels [B]
    Edmund Kesting (1892-1970) [A][G]
    Gerard Kiljan (1891-1968)
    Hiromu Kira (1898-1991) [D][F]
    Aart Klein (b. 1909) [H]
    Gustav Klucis (1895-1944)
    Alfred Brooker Klugh (1882-1932) [I]
    François Kollar (1904-1979) [B]
    Asahachi Kono (active mid-1920s-mid-1930s) [D]
    S. Korchunov
    Fred G. Korth (1902-1982) [F]
    Anneliese Kretschmer (1903- ) [C][E] ([E] shows her first name as "Annelise.")
    Germaine Krull (1897-1985) [A][B][C][E][H]
    Heinrich Kühn (1866-1944) [G][H] ([G] shows his last name as "Kuehn.")

    [l] [Top of #Appendix]
    Ergy Landau (Erzsi Landau) [B]
    Harman Landshoff (b. 1905)
    Dorothea Lange (1895-1965) [A][C][D][G][H]
    Eleazar Langman (1895-1940)
    Constance Stuart Larrabee (1914- ) [C]
    Jacques-Henri Lartigue (b. 1894) [H]
    Sophie L. Lauffer (1876-1970) [F]
    Clarence John Laughlin (1905-1985) [A][G][H]
    Jan Lauschmann (b. 1901) [G]
    Alma Lavenson (1897-1989) [C][D]
    Russel Lee (b. 1903) [G][H]
    Wellington Lee (b. 1918) [F]
    Marul-G Lefrance
    William Edwin Lehman (1905-1981) [I]
    Horst G. Lehmann
    Lejaren À Hiller [G]
    Erna Lendvai-Dircksen (1883-1962) [C][E]
    Lajos Lengyel (1904-1978)
    Gerda Leo [E]
    Nathan Lerner (b. 1915) [B]
    Helmer Lerski (1871-1956) [G]
    Alexander Leventon (1895-1950) [F]
    Helen Levitt (b. 1913) [A][C][G][H] ([A] and [H] show 1918 as the year of birth.)
    Frank Levstik
    Alice Lex-Nerlinger (1893-1975) [C][E][G]
    Thomas Limborg (1894-1992) [F]
    Fay Sturtevant Lincoln (1894-1975) [A]
    Boris Lipnitzki [B]
    Georgi Lipskerow (1896-1977)
    El Lissitzky (1890-1941) [A]
    Herbert List (1903-1975) [A][B][H]
    Heinz Loew (1903-1981)
    Eugeniusz Lokajski (1909-1944) [H]
    Arthur Henry Lomax (b. 1911) [I]
    Lucien Lorelle [B]
    Eli Lotar (1905-1969) [B][H]
    Ruth Harriet Louise (1906-1944) [C]
    Elio Luxardo (fl. c. 1940)
    George Platt Lynes (1907-1955) [A][B][G][H]

    [m] [Top of #Appendix]
    Dora Maar (Henriette Dorothée Markovitch) (b. 1909) [A][B]
    Helen MacGregor (1876-1954?) [D]
    Joseph Harold Mackay (1875 or 1876 -1947) [I]
    William Elbert Macnaughtan (dates unknown) [F]
    René Magritte (1898-1967) [A][H]
    Felix H. Man (b. 1893) [H]
    Man Ray (Emmanuel Radenski) (1890-1976) [A][B][G][H]
    Werner Mantz (1901-1983) [A][B][H]
    George William Marchell (1901-1976) [I]
    Elli Marcus [E]
    Marcel Mariën
    Donald Ben Marsh (1903-1973) [I]
    Ira Wright Martin (1886-1960) [A][F]
    Daniel Masclet (1892-1969) [B][H]
    Margrethe Mather (1885-1952) [C][D][G] ([G] shows her first name as "Margarethe.")
    Herbert Matter (b. 1907) [H]
    Oscar Maurer (1871-1965) [D]
    Willy Maywald [B]
    Angus McBean (b. 1904) [G][H]
    Leonard McCombe (b. 1923) [H]
    Lollie McKenna
    Frances McLaughlin-Gill (b. 1919)
    Donald Gordon McLeod (b. 1914) [I]
    Edward Painter McMurtry (1883-1969) [D][F]
    Erich Mendelsohn (1887-1953) [A]
    Cecil Bruce Metcalfe (1890 or 1891 -1962) [I]
    Manfred Metzner
    Hansel Mieth (1909- ) [C]
    Gjon Mili (b. 1904) [H]
    Lee Miller (1907-1977) [A][C] ([A] shows 1978 as the year of death)
    Etel Mittag-Fodor [E]
    Toyo Miyatake (1895-1979) [D]
    Lisette Model (1901-1983) [A][B][C][G][H] ([A], [G] and [H] show 1906 as the year of birth)
    Tina Modotti (1896-1942) [A][C][G][H]
    Lucia Moholy (1894-1989) [A][B][C][E][G][H] ([A] shows 1899 as the year of birth. [G] shows 1900 as the year of birth.)
    László Moholy-Nagy (1895-1946) [A][B][G][H]
    Jean Moral [B]
    Barbara Morgan (1900-1992) [C][G][H]
    John Pearson Morris (1904-1978) [I]
    Wright Morris (b. 1910) [H]
    William Herbert Mortensen (1897-1965) [D][F][G] ([G] shows 1975 as the year of death.)
    Aenne Mosbacher [E]
    Martin Munkacsi (1896-1963) [A][G][H]
    Nickolàs Muray (1892-1965) [G][H]
    Carl Mydans (b. 1907) [H]

    [n] [Top of #Appendix]
    Kentaro Nakamura (dates unknown) [F]
    Hans Namuth (b. 1915) [H]
    Mikhail Nappelbaum (1869-1958)
    Paul Nash (1889-1946) [B][H]
    Nelly (Elli Seraïdari) (1899- ) [C][E] ([E] shows her name as "Nelly's.")
    Arnold Newman (b. 1918) [B][H]
    Marcello Nizzoli (1887-1969) [A]
    William Allen Norfolk (1913-1980) [I]
    Sonya Noskowiak (1900-1975) [C][H]
    Paul Nougé

    [o] [Top of #Appendix]
    Paul H. Oelman (1880-1957) [F]
    Robert Officer (dates unknown) [D]
    Cas Oorthuys (1908-1975) [H]
    José Ortiz-Echagüe (1886-1980) [H]
    Li Osborne [E]
    Piotr Otsup (1883-1963)
    Paul Outerbridge (1896-1958) [A][B][G][H]

    [p] [Top of #Appendix]
    Jean Painlevé [B]
    Vincio Paladini (1902-1971)
    Marion Palfi (1907-1978) [H]
    Gyula Pap (1899-1983)
    André Papillon [B]
    Gaston Paris
    Norman Parkinson (b. 1913) [H]
    Roger Parry (1905-1977) [A][B]
    Sara Parsons (dates unknown) [A]
    Adolfo Porry Pastorel
    George Augustine Pearce (1901-1979) [I]
    Fred P. Peel (c. 1884-c. 1959) [F]
    Nelly Peissachowitz
    Roland Penrose
    Walter A. Peterhans (1897-1960) [B][H]
    Joseph Petrocelli (?-1928) [F]
    Nicolas Petrov (1892-1959)
    Georgii Petrusov (1903-1971) [H]
    Robert Petschow (1888-1945) [A]
    Charles B. Phelps, Jr. (1891-1949) [F]
    Walter Barrington Piers (1890-1964) [I]
    Emily Pitchford (1878-1956) [D]
    Joaquin Pla Janini (1879-1970) [H]
    Kasimierz Podsadecki (active 1920s) [G]
    Eliot Porter (b. 1901) [H]
    Marion Post Wolcott (b. 1910) [C][G][H]
    Frantisek Povolny
    Ernest M. Pratt (1876-1945) [D]
    Count Giuseppe Primoli (1851-1927) [H]

    [q] [Top of #Appendix]
    Edward Quigley (1898-1977) [F]

    [r] [Top of #Appendix]
    Ben Magid Rabinovitch (1884-1964) [F]
    John Rawlings (b. 1912) [G]
    Jane Reece (1868-1961) [F]
    Elfriede Reichelt [B][E]
    Oscar C. Reiter (1861-1935) [F]
    Josep Renau
    René-Jacques (René Giton) [B]
    Albert Renger-Patzsch (1897-1966) [A][B][G][H]
    Erich Retzlaff
    Hans Retzlaff
    Robert Reusens (b. 1909) [H]
    Wynn Richards (1888-1960) [C]
    Ursula Richter [E]
    Leni Riefenstahl (b. 1902) [A][C][H]
    Hanna Riess [E]
    ringl + pit [E]
    William Maurice Rittase (1887-1968) [F]
    Albert Townshend Roberts (1874 or 1875 -1944) [I]
    Alexander Rodchenko (1891-1956) [A][B][G][H] ([H] shows his first name as "Alexandr.")
    André Rogi [B]
    George Rodger (b. 1908) [H]
    Franz Roh (1890-1965) [A][B]
    Willy Ronis (b. 1910) [B][H]
    Juri Roschkow (dates unknown)
    Walter Rosenblum (b. 1919) [H]
    Jaroslav Rössler (b. 1902) [B][H]
    Theodore Roszak (1907-1981)
    Arthur Rothstein (b. 1915) [G][H]
    Elisabeth Röttgers [E]
    Eugène Rubin [B]
    Charlotte Rudolph (dates unknown) [B][C][E]
    Drahomir Joseph Ruzicka (1870-1960) [F]

    [s] [Top of #Appendix]
    Erich Salomon (1886-1944) [G][H]
    Karl Sandels (b. 1906) [H]
    August Sander (1876-1964) [A][B][G][H]
    Galina Sankova (1904- ) [C][G]
    J. T. Sata (1896-1975) [D]
    Leslie Gale Saunders (1895-1968) [I]
    Emile Savitry [B]
    Christian Schad (1894-1982) [A][G][H]
    Xanti Schawinsky (1904-1979) [B][H]
    Morton L. Schamberg (1881-1918) [A][G]
    Sherril V. Schell (active 1930s-1940s) [G]
    Hinnerk Scheper [B]
    Mugg Schmitt-Breuninger [E]
    Roland E. Schneider (1884-1934) [D]
    Gotthard Schuh (1897-1969) [H]
    Paul Schuitema (1897-1973)
    Emil Schulthess (b. 1913) [H]
    Kurt Schwitters (1887-1948) [B]
    Albert et Jean Séeberger [B][G]
    Hanna Seewald [E]
    Friedrich Seidenstücker (1883-1966)
    Paul Senn (b. 1901) [H]
    Vilho Setälä (b. 1892) [G]
    Ivan Shaguin (1904- )
    Ben Shahn (1898-1969) [A][G][H]
    Arkadii Shaikhet (1898-1959) [H]
    Thomas O. Sheckell (1883-1943) [F]
    Charles Sheeler (1883-1965) [A][G][H]
    William Gordon Shields (1883-1947) [F]
    Harry K. Shigeta (1887-1963) [F]
    Kaye Shimojima (dates unknown) [D]
    Arkadii Shishkin (b. 1899) [H]
    Arthur Siegel (1913-1978) [A][H]
    Stella Simon (1878-1973) [C]
    Clara Estelle Sipprell (1885-1975) [C][F]
    Aaron Siskind (b. 1903) [H]
    Anatoli Skurichin (b. 1900)
    Edwin Smith (1912-1971) [H]
    Ethel M. Smith (1886-1964) [C]
    Henry Holmes Smith (b. 1909) [H]
    W. Eugene Smith (1918-1978) [G][H]
    Frederick Sommer (b. 1905) [G][H]
    Emmanuel Sougez (1889-1972) [B][H]
    Ralph Henry Speiran (1910-1974) [I]
    Humphrey Spender (b. 1910) [G][H]
    Anton Stankowski (b. 1906) [G]
    Edward Steichen (1879-1973) [A][B][G][H]
    Jakob Steinberg (1880-1942)
    André Steiner (1901-1978) [B]
    Ralph Steiner (1899-1986) [A][G][H]
    Abram Sterenberg (1894-1978) [H]
    Grete Stern (studio ringl & pit) (b. 1904) [C]
    Alfred Stieglitz (1864-1946) [A][G][H]
    Cami Stone [E]
    Wolf Strache
    Paul Strand (1890-1976) [A][B][G][H]
    Karl Straub (b. 1900)
    Liselotte Strelow (1908-1981) [H]
    Karl Fischer Struss (1886-1981) [D][F]
    Roy Stryker (1893-1975) [H]
    Jindrick Styrsky [B]
    Josef Sudek (1896-1976) [B][G][H]
    Wolf Suschitzky (b. 1912) [H]
    Mieczyslaw Szczuka (1898-1927) [G][H]

    [t] [Top of #Appendix]
    Maurice Tabard (1897-1984) [A][B][G][H]
    Hugo Taborsky
    Dain Tasker (1872-1962) [D]
    Tato (Guglielmo Sansoni) (1896-1974) [A]
    Karel Teige (1900-1951) [G]
    A. Teresow
    Edmund Teske (b. 1911) [H]
    Elsa Dorothea Thalemann [E]
    Max Thorek (1880-1960) [F]
    Mikhail Trakhman (1918-1976) [H]
    Jan Tschichold (1902-1976) [A]
    François Tuefferd [B]
    Jakob Tuggener (b. 1904) [H]
    Arthur Herbert Tweedle (1900-1976) [I]

    [u] [Top of #Appendix]
    Raoul Ubac (1909-1985) [A][B]
    Doris Ulmann (1882-1934) [C][F][H]
    Umbo (Otto Umbehr) (1902-1980) [A][B][G][H] ([G] shows his last name as "Umbehrs.")
    Alfred Stephen Upton (b. 1898) [I]
    Shigemi Uyeda (1902-1980) [D][F]

    [v] [Top of #Appendix]
    John Vachon (1914-1975) [H]
    Alfredo Valente (dates unknown)
    Florence Vandamm (1883-1966) [C]
    James Van Der Zee (1886-1983) [G][H]
    Albert Robert Vandewiele [Van] (1881-1964) [I] [A. Van]
    Willard Van Dyke (b. 1906) [G][H]
    Carl Van Vechten (1880-1964) [H]
    R. L. Van Oosting (dates unknown) [D]
    Luigi Veronesi (b. 1908) [B][H]
    Dziga Vertov (Denis Arkadovic)
    Lynton Vinette (1900-1960?) [D]
    Roman Vishniac (b. 1897) [G][H]

    [w] [Top of #Appendix]
    Arne Wahlberg (b. 1905) [H]
    Todd Walker (b. 1917) [H]
    Herman V. Wall (b. 1905) [D]
    Hedda Walther [E]
    Margaret Watkins (1884-1969) [C][F][G]
    Todd Webb (b. 1905) [H]
    Weegee (Arthur H. Fellig) (1899-1968) [A][G][H]
    Dan Weiner (1919-1959) [H]
    Eudora Welty (b. 1909)
    Bertrand H. Wentworth (1868-1955) [F]
    Moi Wer (Moses Worobeitschik) (b. 1904)
    Brett Weston (b. 1911) [H]
    Edward Henry Weston (1886-1958) [A][B][D][F][G][H]
    Clarence Hudson White (1871-1925) [F]
    Minor White (1908-1976) [H]
    A. Brodie Whitelaw (b. 1910) [I]
    Wood Whitesell [Pops Whitesell] (1876-1958) [F]
    Dorothy Wilding (1893-1976) [C]
    Arthur H. Williams (1877-?)
    Otis Williams (dates unknown) [D]
    Rolf Winquist (1910-1968) [H]
    Witkacy (1885-1939) [H]
    Paul Wolff (1887-1951) [B]
    Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze) (1913-1951) [B][H]
    Bayard Wootten (1875-1959) [C]
    Willard E. Worden (1868-1946) [D]
    Wanda Wulz (1903-1984) [A][C]

    [x] [Top of #Appendix]
    Zhang Xin Quan [G]

    [y] [Top of #Appendix]
    Yva (Else Simon) (1900-1942) [C][E]

    [z] [Top of #Appendix]
    Lotte Zangemeister
    Georgij Zelma (b. 1906) [G][H] ([G] shows the first name as "Gyorgy.")
    Pavel Zhukov (1870-1942)
    Willy Otto Zielke [B]
    Heinrich Zille
    René Zuber [B]
    Piet Zwart (1885-1977) [B][G][H]



    Note 3 for Appendix (Reference Books for photography between 1920 and 1945): [Top of #Appendix]
    For my list of photographers, I am using the following sources;

    A) in general
    B) types or kinds of arts and photography
    C) geographical areas and photography between 1920 and 1945
    D) additional materials


    A) in general: [Top of Note 3]

    B) types or kinds of arts and photography: [Top of Note 3]

    1) futurism and photography:
    2) dada and photography:
    3) surrealism and photography:
    4) Bauhaus and photography:
    5) constructivism and photography:
    6) new Bauhaus and photography:
    7) f64:
    8) photomontage:
    9) photogram and rayograph:
    10) Photo-Secession

    C) geographical areas and photography between 1920 and 1945: [Top of Note 3]

    1) America and photography:
    2) Canada and photography:
    3) Britain and photography:
    4) Germany + Austria and photography:
    5) France and photography:
    6) Holland and photography:
    7) Italy and photography:
    8) Spain and photography:
    9) Switzerland and photography:
    10) Belgium and photography.
    11) Russia + Soviet and photography:
    12) Poland and photography:
    13) Czech and photography:
    14) Scandinavian countries and photography:
    15) other areas and photography:

    D) additional materials: [Top of Note 3]


    [Top of page] [Top of Some of my favorite things] [Top of #Appendix] [Top of Note 3]

    Some of my favorite sites on the web

    Under Construction. Sorry.




    Please send e-mail to me in English: snakamura@FPLC.edu


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    URL: http://students.fplc.edu/~snakamura
    Created September 12, 1997
    Last updated and modified February 16, 1998
    Copyright © 1997 and 1998 by Satoshi NAKAMURA